{"id":25424,"date":"2025-04-23T19:47:56","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T19:47:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/?p=25424"},"modified":"2026-04-30T20:31:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T20:31:43","slug":"gestion-des-residus-de-mais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/fr\/2025\/04\/23\/gestion-des-residus-de-mais\/","title":{"rendered":"Gestion des r\u00e9sidus de ma\u00efs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Une bonne gestion des r\u00e9sidus peut faire la diff\u00e9rence entre une r\u00e9ussite ou un \u00e9chec au niveau des semis au printemps ! Que ce soit avec le semis direct ou bien le travail du sol, on vous explique dans cet article comment bien g\u00e9rer vos chaumes de ma\u00efs pour votre prochaine culture, le soya!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Le semis direct<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En semis direct, le sol n&#8217;est pas travaill\u00e9. Les r\u00e9sidus de ma\u00efs sont laiss\u00e9s en surface plut\u00f4t que d&#8217;\u00eatre enfouis sous terre. Il suffit de les r\u00e9partir uniform\u00e9ment dans le champ pour favoriser des <a href=\"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/fr\/2022\/04\/28\/les-meilleures-conditions-pour-des-semis-reussis\/\">semis<\/a> \u00e9gaux et une terre bien r\u00e9chauff\u00e9e au printemps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le meilleur moyen pour \u00e9taler les r\u00e9sidus est d\u2019avoir le bon \u00e9quipement sur sa moissonneuse-batteuse. Celle-ci doit donc \u00eatre munie d\u2019un broyeur de paille, mais aussi d\u2019un \u00e9pandeur. Il est important de noter que la machinerie doit \u00eatre conduite \u00e0 une vitesse constante. Cela permet d\u2019\u00e9viter des couches d\u2019\u00e9paisseurs variables au niveau du sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En semis direct, les r\u00e9sidus s\u00e8chent beaucoup plus rapidement et se coupent plus facilement lorsqu\u2019ils ne sont pas \u00e9cras\u00e9s. Il est donc recommand\u00e9 d\u2019utiliser des roues doubles bien ajust\u00e9es sur la moissonneuse-batteuse. Il est \u00e9galement pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable, lorsque possible, de privil\u00e9gier l\u2019utilisation de wagons \u00e0 grains (grain carts) stationn\u00e9s au bout du champ afin de limiter le compactage du sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Important<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 un sans labour, on recommande tout d\u2019abord d\u2019\u00e9valuer l\u2019\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 de votre sol (pH, structure, stabilit\u00e9, drainage).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Un sol en mauvaise condition peut affecter la lev\u00e9e des plantules de soya. <\/li><li>Une vie microbienne pauvre ne d\u00e9compose pas les d\u00e9bris de fa\u00e7on ad\u00e9quate. Le sol est donc plus humide et se r\u00e9chauffe plus lentement.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Pourquoi conserver les r\u00e9sidus?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ils augmentent le niveau de mati\u00e8re organique, am\u00e9liorent la structure du sol et contribuent \u00e0 la vie des micro-organismes. Ils r\u00e9duisent aussi les risques d\u2019\u00e9rosion caus\u00e9s par le ruissellement de l\u2019eau, les vents violents et les pluies fortes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Pourquoi enfouir et hacher les r\u00e9sidus?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Suite \u00e0 la saison hivernale, le sol se r\u00e9chauffe et s\u2019ass\u00e8che plus rapidement. Le fait de hacher ces r\u00e9sidus acc\u00e9l\u00e8re le processus de d\u00e9composition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Quel syst\u00e8me de production offre le meilleur rendement?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Shawn Conley, un sp\u00e9cialiste du soya de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin, a compar\u00e9 dans le cadre d\u2019une \u00e9tude diverses m\u00e9thodes de gestions des r\u00e9sidus de ma\u00efs pour att\u00e9nuer les pertes de rendement dans un syst\u00e8me sans labour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les recherches de 2022 d\u00e9montrent que le semis direct, avec hachage de r\u00e9sidus et 30 unit\u00e9s d\u2019azote, produit de meilleurs r\u00e9sultats que le semis direct seul. En effet, le rendement obtenu avec ces 2 m\u00e9thodes est le m\u00eame qu\u2019un travail de sol conventionnel. (Voir Essais du graphique 5 et 7 vs 9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tude a aussi permis de d\u00e9couvrir que l\u2019ajout d\u2019azote (30 lbs) en d\u00e9but de saison favorise la d\u00e9composition des r\u00e9sidus de ma\u00efs restants. Elle diminue l\u2019impact de ceux-ci sur le rendement. (voir essais 1, 5 et 7)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La chose \u00e0 retenir, selon Shawn Conley, c&#8217;est que nous n\u2019avons pas toujours besoin d\u2019utiliser la machinerie et de retourner le sol pour disposer des chaumes de ma\u00efs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/Capture-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27528\" width=\"631\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/Capture-1.jpg 949w, https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/Capture-1-300x282.jpg 300w, https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/Capture-1-768x721.jpg 768w, https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/Capture-1-24x24.jpg 24w, https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/Capture-1-36x34.jpg 36w, https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/Capture-1-48x45.jpg 48w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 631px) 100vw, 631px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Sources&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">RealAgriculture. (2022).<em> Soybean School: Wrestling residue in no-till systems<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.realagriculture.com\/2022\/12\/soybean-school-wrestling-residue-in-no-till-systems\/\">https:\/\/www.realagriculture.com\/2022\/12\/soybean-school-wrestling-residue-in-no-till-systems\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une bonne gestion des r\u00e9sidus peut faire la diff\u00e9rence entre une r\u00e9ussite ou un \u00e9chec au niveau des semis au printemps ! Que ce soit avec le semis direct ou bien le travail du sol, on vous explique dans cet article comment bien g\u00e9rer vos chaumes de ma\u00efs pour votre prochaine culture, le soya! Le [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":25430,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":""},"categories":[272],"tags":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"anouk","author_link":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/author\/anouk\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/04\/Sans-titre-1-Avec-accentuation-SR-300x200.jpg","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.11 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Gestion des r\u00e9sidus de ma\u00efs - Prograin - Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/fr\/2025\/04\/23\/gestion-des-residus-de-mais\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gestion des r\u00e9sidus de ma\u00efs - Prograin - Canada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une bonne gestion des r\u00e9sidus peut faire la diff\u00e9rence entre une r\u00e9ussite ou un \u00e9chec au niveau des semis au printemps ! Que ce soit avec le semis direct ou bien le travail du sol, on vous explique dans cet article comment bien g\u00e9rer vos chaumes de ma\u00efs pour votre prochaine culture, le soya! 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Que ce soit avec le semis direct ou bien le travail du sol, on vous explique dans cet article comment bien g\u00e9rer vos chaumes de ma\u00efs pour votre prochaine culture, le soya! Le semis direct En semis direct, le sol n&#8217;est pas travaill\u00e9. Les r\u00e9sidus de ma\u00efs sont laiss\u00e9s en surface plut\u00f4t que d&#8217;\u00eatre enfouis sous terre. Il suffit de les r\u00e9partir uniform\u00e9ment dans le champ pour favoriser des semis \u00e9gaux et une terre bien r\u00e9chauff\u00e9e au printemps.&hellip;<\/p>\n","category_list":"<a href=\"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/fr\/category\/non-classe-fr\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Non class\u00e9<\/a>","author_info":{"name":"anouk","url":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/author\/anouk\/"},"comments_num":"0 comments","featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/04\/Sans-titre-1-Avec-accentuation-SR.jpg",2506,1670,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/04\/Sans-titre-1-Avec-accentuation-SR-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/04\/Sans-titre-1-Avec-accentuation-SR-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/04\/Sans-titre-1-Avec-accentuation-SR-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/04\/Sans-titre-1-Avec-accentuation-SR-2000x1333.jpg",2000,1333,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/04\/Sans-titre-1-Avec-accentuation-SR-1536x1024.jpg",1536,1024,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/04\/Sans-titre-1-Avec-accentuation-SR-2048x1365.jpg",2048,1365,true],"menu-24x24":["https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/04\/Sans-titre-1-Avec-accentuation-SR-24x16.jpg",24,16,true],"menu-36x36":["https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/04\/Sans-titre-1-Avec-accentuation-SR-36x24.jpg",36,24,true],"menu-48x48":["https:\/\/prograin.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/04\/Sans-titre-1-Avec-accentuation-SR-48x32.jpg",48,32,true]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"<p>Une bonne gestion des r\u00e9sidus peut faire la diff\u00e9rence entre une r\u00e9ussite ou un \u00e9chec au niveau des semis au printemps ! Que ce soit avec le semis direct ou bien le travail du sol, on vous explique dans cet article comment bien g\u00e9rer vos chaumes de ma\u00efs pour votre prochaine culture, le soya! Le semis direct En semis direct, le sol n&#8217;est pas travaill\u00e9. Les r\u00e9sidus de ma\u00efs sont laiss\u00e9s en surface plut\u00f4t que d&#8217;\u00eatre enfouis sous terre. Il suffit de les r\u00e9partir uniform\u00e9ment dans le champ pour favoriser des semis \u00e9gaux et une terre bien r\u00e9chauff\u00e9e au printemps.&hellip;<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"<a href=\"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/fr\/category\/non-classe-fr\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Non class\u00e9<\/a>","author_info_v2":{"name":"anouk","url":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/author\/anouk\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","coauthors":[],"tax_additional":{"categories":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/fr\/category\/non-classe-fr\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Non class\u00e9<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Non class\u00e9<\/span>"]}},"comment_count":"0","relative_dates":{"created":"Posted 1 ann\u00e9e ago","modified":"Updated 5 jours ago"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Posted on 23 avril 2025","modified":"Updated on 30 avril 2026"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Posted on 23 avril 2025 19 h 47 min","modified":"Updated on 30 avril 2026 20 h 31 min"},"featured_img_caption":"","series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25424"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25424"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28148,"href":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25424\/revisions\/28148"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prograin.ca\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}