For a long time, yield was determined above ground: variety selection, fertilization, and crop protection. Today, more and more producers are looking beneath their feet and observing the benefits of cover crops: more earthworms, looser soil, fields that are accessible earlier in the spring, and more stable yields.
To better understand how these practices are concretely integrated on farms, our team met with producers who use cover crops. They shared their practices, observations, and the results they see year after year.
A well-fed soil works for you
Clover sown in rotation with soybeans does more than just cover the soil. Like other legumes, it captures nitrogen from the air through its nodules, which naturally fertilizes the following crop.
At Ferme Bonneterre, white clover has been part of the rotation for years. “For the past 15 years, we have been using clover and we have observed better yields and, above all, real savings on nitrogen.”
Sylvain Raynault, Ferme Bonneterre
At Ferme Proterre, the logic is similar: nourish the soil so it works for us in return. “Overall, I would say that our soil is healthier, with more microorganisms, more organic matter, and a better structure.”
Rémi Ouellet, Ferme Proterre
Fields more resilient to extreme weather conditions
Producers notice that water circulates better in their fields. A living, healthy soil is better able to withstand difficult conditions, whether drought or excess water. The presence of plant cover also helps retain moisture, reduce erosion, and limit nutrient losses. The same applies to taproots, which penetrate the soil and create natural channels that improve aeration and facilitate water infiltration. As they decompose, these roots enrich the soil with organic matter and nutrients. Over time, they make the soil more alive, easier to work, and better prepared for subsequent crops.
“Turnips and radishes loosen the soil during the winter. When their roots wither, they make way for water and ice. The soil structure has improved over the years. In clay soil, it remains challenging, but less so than before.”
Jean-François Ridel, producer from Saint-Césaire
A long-term investment
A cover crop deserves as much attention as the main crop. By choosing the right species and respecting termination timing, you can get the most out of it. It is recommended to start gradually, with a test field, and to directly observe the results in the field so that the benefits accumulate year after year.
At Ferme Proterre, improvements in soil structure have even made it possible to drastically reduce tillage. “We have not tilled any acres since 2021 thanks to the improved bearing capacity and structure of our soils.”
Rémi Ouellet, Ferme Proterre
These testimonials show that a cover crop offers much more than just ground cover. It protects the soil against erosion, improves its structure, promotes water infiltration, and helps capture and recycle nitrogen. It also helps regulate soil temperature, better control weeds, and stimulate biodiversity. Over time, these practices make the soil more alive, more resilient, and more productive, resulting in healthier fields and more stable yields. Investing in a well-nourished soil is therefore an investment in the sustainability and productivity of the farm.
Sources :
Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec. Mon engrais vert : un incontournable! https://www.mapaq.gouv.qc.ca/fr/Regions/chaudiereappalaches/autresarticles/agriculture/Pages/engraivert.aspx
Agri-Réseau. Les engrais verts (PDF document). https://www.agrireseau.net/agriculturebiologique/documents/Engvert_couleur_basse.pdf